Sun Data

Stellar properties

Spectral class                      G2
Luminosity class                     V
Absolute visual magnitude         4.83
Apparent visual magnitude        -26.7
Distance from galactic center      8.5 kpc
Velocity around galactic center    250 km/s
Peculiar velocity                 19.5 km/s
Solar Apex                          18 h +30 deg (near Vega)
The sun contains more than 99.8% of the total mass of the Solar System.
(Jupiter contains about half of the rest.)

Bulk parameters

Mass                          1.989e30 kg          3.33e5
GM                        132.712438e9 km3/s2      3.33e5
Radius                         696.0e3 km        109.3
Oblateness                         0.0             0.0
Mean density                      1409 kg/m3       0.255
Surface gravity                    274 m/s2       27.94
Escape velocity                    618 km/s       30.9

Interior properties

Core density                            150e3 kg/m3
Core pressure                           250e9 atm
Core temperature                         15e6 K
Hydrogen consumption rate                6e11 kg/s
Mass-equivalent energy production rate    4e9 kg/s
Composition: (by atomic quantity)
  Hydrogen   92.0%
  Helium     7.8%
  Oxygen     690 ppm
  Carbon     420 ppm
  Nitrogen   87 ppm
  Silicon    45 ppm
  Magnesium  40 ppm
  Neon       37 ppm
  Iron       32 ppm
  Sulphur    16 ppm
  Remainder  ~10 ppm

Radiative properties

Energy output                   386e24 W (~3% emerges as neutrinos)
Surface irradiance                63e6 W/m2
Black-body temperature            5760 K

Spin properties

Obliquity (to ecliptic)           7.25 deg
Ecliptic longitude of north pole   347 deg
Surface rotation period           25.4 d at equator
                                    29 d at 60 deg latitude
                              up to 36 d near poles
The core of the Sun rotates as a solid body.

Miscellaneous

Magnetic field in sunspots     from 0.01 to 0.4 T
Magnetic field elsewhere       ~0.2 mT
Mean magnetic cycle            11.1 y for each polarity
Recent minimum                 1990 to 1991
Sunspot temperature            ~3800 K
Sunspot diameter               up to 50,000 km
The solar wind speed           ~450 km/s
                               ~750 km/s from polar regions