Saturn Data

(The second value represents the quantity as a fraction of the terrestrial value.)

Bulk parameters

Mass                         568.46e24 kg         95.162
GM                            37.931e6 km3/s2     95.16
Equatorial radius               60,268 km          9.449
Polar radius                    54,364 km          8.553
Flattening                   97.962e-3            28.82
Mean density                       687 kg/m3       0.124
Moment of inertia coefficient    0.210             0.635
J2                            16.45e-3            15.054
Surface gravity (equator)         8.96 m/s2        0.916
Escape velocity                   35.5 km/s        3.172
Internal heat generation        200e15 W

Orbital parameters

Semimajor axis                1.4270e9 km          9.539
Sidereal period              10,759.22 d          29.457
Tropical period              10,746.94 d          29.424
Eccentricity                   0.05565             3.332
Inclination                      2.489 deg
Synodic period                  378.09 d
Mean orbital velocity             9.66 km/s        0.324

Radiative properties

Bond albedo                       0.75             1.95
Visual geometric albedo           0.47             1.28
Visual magnitude V(1,0)          -8.88
Solar irradiance                  15.0 W/m2        0.011
Black-body temperature            63.9 K           0.258

Spin properties*

Epoch                           1994.0
North pole (RA and Dec)          40.20 deg / 85.92 deg
Obliquity                        25.07 deg
Argument of prime meridian       53.27 deg at epoch
Sidereal rotation rate     810.7939024 deg/d
Sidereal rotation period        10.656 h

Saturnian Magnetosphere

Dipole strength                  0.210 gauss-Rs3
Dipole tilt to spin axis           < 1 deg
Dipole offset             0.04 to 0.05 Rs northward

Saturnian Atmosphere

Surface pressure                 >>100 bars
Average temperature                ~97 K
Temperature at 1 bar              ~134 K
Density at 1 bar                 ~0.19 kg/m3
Wind speeds                 up to ~400 m/s (<30 deg latitude)
                            up to ~150 m/s (>30 deg latitude)
Scale height                      59.5 km
Mean molecular weight             2.07 g/mol
Composition:
  Hydrogen       (H2)     89%
  Helium         (He)     11%
  Methane        (CH4)    ~3000 ppm
  Ammonia        (NH3)    ~200 ppm
  Ethane         (C2H6)   ~2ppm
Aerosols:  Ammonia ice; water ice; ammonia hydrosulfide

Osculating Orbital Elements

Epoch                     JD 2449360.5
Mean distance                   9.5336 AU
Eccentricity                    0.0530
Inclination                       2.49 deg
Longitude of ascending node     113.67 deg
Longitude of perihelion          92.90 deg
Mean longitude at epoch         336.83 deg